Hemorrhagic Stroke free essay sample

A Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures. Brain hemorrhages can result from many conditions that affect your blood vessels, including uncontrolled high blood pressure ,hypertension, and weak spots in your blood vessel walls ,aneurysms. A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) — an abnormal tangle of thin-walled blood vessels, present at birth. The types of hemorrhagic stroke include: Intracerebral, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Each year in the United States, approximately 795,000 people experience new or recurrent stroke. Of these, approximately 610,000 represent initial attacks, and 185,000 represent recurrent strokes. Epidemiologic studies indicate that approximately 87% of strokes in the United States are ischemic, 10% are secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage, and another 3% may be secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The incidence of stroke varies with age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. For example, American Heart Association (AHA) researchers found that rates of intracerebral hemorrhage are higher in Mexican Americans, Latin Americans, blacks, Native Americans, Japanese people, and Chinese people than they are in whites. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemorrhagic Stroke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, 5 million die and another 5 million are left permanently disabled. In intracerebral hemorrhage, bleeding occurs directly into the brain parenchyma. The usual mechanism is thought to be leakage from small intracerebral arteries damaged by chronic hypertension. Other mechanisms include bleeding diatheses, iatrogenic anticoagulation, cerebral amyloidosis, and cocaine abuse. Intracerebral hemorrhage has a predilection for certain sites in the brain, including the thalamus, putamen, cerebellum, and brainstem. In addition to the area of the brain injured by the hemorrhage, the surrounding brain can be damaged by pressure produced by the mass effect of the hematoma. A general increase in intracranial pressure may occur. The pathologic effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the brain are multifocal. SAH results in elevated intracranial pressure and impairs cerebral autoregulation. These effects can occur in combination with acute vasoconstriction, microvascular platelet aggregation, and loss of microvascular perfusion, resulting in profound reduction in blood flow and cerebral ischemia. Intracerebral hemorrhage may be clinically indistinguishable from ischemic stroke, and a thorough history and physical examination are important. Problems to consider are as follows: hyponatremia or hypernatremia , migraine headache, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, differential diagnoses, encephalitis, headache, migraine, hypernatremia, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, hypertensive hmergencies, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, labyrinthitis ossificans, meningitis, neoplasms, brain, stroke, ischemic, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, transient ischemic attack. The treatment and management of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage depends on the cause and severity of the bleeding. Basic life support, as well as control of bleeding, seizures, blood pressure (BP), and intracranial pressure, are critical. Medications used in the treatment of acute stroke include the following: Anticonvulsants, Antihypertensive agents, and Osmotic diuretics.

Phyletic Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium Evolution Theory

Phyletic Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium Evolution Theory Evolution is the process by which generations of species undergo some changes in their biological traits over a given period. There are two theories that explain the process of evolution. They include phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Scientists maintain that evolution can only happen as described by the theories (National Academy of Sciences 78).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Phyletic Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium Evolution Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Phyletic gradualism is a theory that explains a slow and consistent process of evolution that occurs in biological species. It further maintains that change in characteristics of these taxonomic groups involves splitting of the hereditary features of the species into different traits in the subsequent generations. On the other hand, punctuated equilibrium is an evolutionary theory, which holds the belief that the process of chan ge in biological characteristics is extremely fast. Punctuated equilibrium occurs immediately, and with respect to geology. People rarely notice the changed forms of the species because they exist and disappear very fast (Cook 53). Punctuated equilibrium makes the prediction of an impossibility in recording the characteristic changes whenever there is registration of an evolutionary process. For instance, there may be records of the ancestors of some species having resided at a certain place. At the same time, there could be a new taxonomic group undergoing evolution in a different area. The theory also predicts a reduction in the likelihood of ossification among the members (Ross 108).  Several processes can lead to rapid evolution. These include rivers that contain toxic substances and changes in climate. Rivers with toxicants can result in the evolution of the fish that lives in its water. These toxicants remain on the riverbeds and do not undergo any process of break down. Sci entists have made a discovery that fish, which lives in rivers contaminated with PCBs, normally evolve and develop some forms of characteristics that poisons from PCBs do not affect. The evolution happens very fast and in response to the effects of the toxicants present in the water of the rivers (Grant 133). Climate change also culminates in a faster evolutionary process that may lead to a rapid change in the DNA of the species. After analyzing the DNA of penguins that existed more than six thousand years ago and those that are still existing, scientists discovered that there was an alteration in the sequence of the genes before ending up with the current species.Advertising Looking for assessment on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This happened without any variation in the physical appearances of the penguins (Grant 134).  Environment is one of the factors that may lead to relative stasis. Semi-permanent stableness of the environment is one of the key factors that encourage evolutionary stasis. Any climatic change may result in the development of a new form of a disease. If there is no alteration in the climate, there will be no stress on the biological species. This ends up in lack of evolution because the species remain contented with everything around them. Unavailability of predatory animals may also lead to relative stasis. The species may only evolve in order to adapt to a dangerous environment if there is an existing danger. Absence of predators means no threat to the species hence no need for change (Ross 144).  There are several evidences put forward to show that there was life on earth in the early days. Scientists use stromatolites as proof for existence of organisms that had microscopic size, which lived a long time ago, and participated in the development of the sedimentary rocks. They claim that the microorganisms died, and their bodies formed the rocks. Carbon pres ence can also provide proof for living things having occupied the earth at the beginning. Living things do ingest carbon-12 (12C). Carbon-14 (14C) exists for a short time compared to 12C because it is a radioactive element. The existence of 12C bespeaks presence of life, or life that existed. Rocks with12C show that life existed in that area. There are numerous rocks, whose ages may be four billion years old and have 12C (Grant 186).  Upon looking at the differences in species’ characteristics and their changes, one discovers that the changes are minimal. This means that the evolutionary process was much slower. For example, one generation of fish species existed and did not have the surface for jawbones. One hundred years after the existence of the species with no jawbones, the subsequent generation that went through evolution developed jawbones. That is the only difference between the two generations. Another example is in the rocks with traces of microorganisms. There ar e remains of microorganisms with single cells in a rock that is five hundred and fifty million years old. A second rock that is five hundred years old has microorganisms with multiple cells. Changes in cells are the only evolutionary processes seen in the microorganisms (Hey 173).  Fossil records act as support for punctuated equilibrium. There are cases of tracing a species only within certain duration of time, and then it disappears completely.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Phyletic Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium Evolution Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The species took long before undergoing any form of characteristic change and then evolved very fast, leaving no evidences for its initial form (Ross 57).  In conclusion, evolution is a process that can occur acutely fast or slow. It can lead to the complete disappearance or change in some characteristics of the species. Pollution of the environment and changes in climate may lead to evolution. People should ensure that toxicants do not find their way into the environment. They should also ensure that they do not engage in activities that may result in climatic alterations, which may culminate in evolution. There are evidences of life in the early years, but the species disappeared due to ecological changes. Cook, Fuller Orator. Methods and Causes of Evolution. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1908. Print. Grant, Peter R., Grant, Rosemary B. In Search of the Causes of Evolution: From Field Observations to Mechanisms. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. Print. Hey, Jody. Genes, Categories, and Species : The Evolutionary and Cognitive Cause of evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print. National Academy of Sciences. In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin. Washington: National Academies Press, 2009. Print. Ross, Robert M. , Allmon Warren D. Causes of Evolution: A Pal eontological Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. Print.Advertising Looking for assessment on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Nutrition low income diet plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nutrition low income diet plan - Essay Example The protein and carbohydrate requirement were at par to RNI and DRV values, though carbohydrates were less in terms of RNI. Unfortunately the fat rich foods were purchased less. Although the fat requirement of 35% was obeyed but there was disparity in intake of trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. This could lead to impairment of transport and absorption of vitamins, less available energy for heavy endurance work, and decreased feeling of satiety. After reorienting her purchase by reducing 1 avocado, white wine and replacing with 12 more French dressings in her diet will not only address the issue of meeting RNI and DRV of fats but will also reduce her expenses by 0.32 pounds and her new expenditure will be 23.3pound/week. This indicates that she will be able to live on a 30 pound weekly income. Introduction Diet Charts are essential to indicate the amount or portions of the various food items that one should consume in the entire day to meet the daily calorie requirements. Calorie requirement depends on the gender of the individual, the type of daily activity undertaken, profession of the individual, specific disease states, and specific clinical conditions like pregnancy, lactation ( Darnton-Hill, Nishida and James,2004:101-121). Diet charts also need to be formulated based on the socioeconomic conditions of the individual and hence there cannot be a concept of universal diet chart (Barker, 2002:17). Calorie requirements are based on the concept of Balanced Diet. A Balanced Diet is one which contains all the necessary macro and micronutrients comprising of carbohydrates, fats and proteins including vitamins and trace elements to meet the daily calorie need of an individual, so that the individual can maintain his or her daily activities and at the same time keeping a good health and preventing the chance of diseases by building body immunity. The calorie requirements of an individual are expressed in the form of Adult Con sumption Units. Adult Consumption Unit expresses the calorie requirement of a person in reference to the average calorie requirement of a reference man, which is normal sedentary adult man. The calorie requirement normally considered at an average of 2400kcal. The different ACU speculated are: The calories are provided by carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Dietary carbohydrates serves the principle source of energy, acts as protein sparers, as metabolic primers for protein and fat metabolisms and also forms the fuel of the Central Nervous system (Lippard and Berg, 1994).50-60% of total calories should come from carbohydrates (McArdle, Katch, and Katch ,2006). The calorific value of carbohydrates is 4.1kcal/gram (Kathleen Mahan, Raymond and Escott-Stump, 2012). Fats are required to supply the required amount of essential fatty acids, to act as dietary vehicles for transport and absorption of vitamins, provide high percentage of energy for heavy endurance work, to bring satiety (Haque and Mozaffar,1992:1351-4). Fat requirement increases with the rise in total calorie requirement because fat have a high calorie value around 9.1 kcal/gram, which is more than proteins or carbohydrates (Berg , Tymoczko, and Stryer 2002:603). The calorific values of proteins are 4.1kcal/gram. A protein containing adequate and balanced amounts of essential amino acids has high nutritive value because its amino acids are promptly incorporated into

E-MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-MARKETING - Essay Example It now offers more effective and efficient ways for communicating the messages of the company to the consumers. The report will highlight on the difference between the traditional marketing communication and the E-marketing communication. The report will also highlight marketing tools which are presently being used in amazon.com. Apart from that the assignment will also try to explain on how amazon.com can utilize the diffusion adoption process in the context with its newly released Amazon kindle reader. And at the end the report will try to put some of the benefits of using viral email, interactive advertisement campaigns and E CRM. The key findings of the project are that amazon.com makes use of different kinds of marketing tools for its promotional purposes and increasing the customer experiences. Introduction Amazon.com Inc. is a global electronic commerce company which facilitates online buying of different kinds of products. The company was founded in the year 1994 and is headq uartered at Seattle, Washington, United States of America (Amazon, n.d.). Amazon.com is considered as the biggest online retailer of the planet. The company started its venture as an online book store but later diversified into other business lines. The company serves the customers via its retail websites and mainly focuses on the price and expediency. Apart from being a platform of online buying for the customers it also provides them with the opportunity to sell the product. One of the noticeable aspects is that the company has offered separate retail websites for countries like United Kingdom, United States, France, Germany and Italy among others. This course of action has been mainly undertaken to offer better customer experiences. Recently amazon.com has started developing Kindle e-reader which is gadget used for reading online e-books. The company also offers other services such as various promotional and marketing agreements like co-branded cash cards and different kind of on line advertisements (Yahoo finance, n.d.). E-Marketing vs. Traditional Communication Slowly and steadily many companies started to incorporate the use of modern marketing techniques in order to get the best out of it. One of the most significant ways of marketing communication came forward with E-marketing. Buzzwords such as digital marketing, online marketing and internet marketing are considered as synonymous with E-marketing (Pannu & Tomar, 2010, p.118). In simple words E-marketing or electronic marketing is the application of the principles of marketing and techniques of marketing within the electronic media and to be more specific by making use of internet. Internet marketing or E-marketing includes both direct as well as indirect marketing and a set of different technologies for making effective connection and communication to the customers. The growing importance of E marketing is the reason for its high return on investment from the traditional marketing. The benefits of E- marketing includes its reach to the mass customers, scope of offering a range of products and services, interactivity or interaction, provides immediate effect and targeting different group of customers across the national boundaries of the business. Amazon.com is a company which is based only on E- marketing, and makes use of different kinds of marketing tools to promote its product. The company also feels that their most

Cultural Differences Biggest Challenge For MNCS

Cultural Differences Biggest Challenge For MNCS With the changes in the global economic reforms and advent of globalization, international business has become the greatest priority for every business to become the Multinational Company to take the competitive advantage of whole global market. But with these benefits, the companies have to face the major challenges and complexities too to manage the business in other countries. The major challenges comprises of the environmental factors and out of which cultural differences is also the major issue that the MNCs faces within the host country. The issue of cultural diversity within the international business is the current scenario is constantly rising up with the growing factor of globalization (The Problem of Cultural Diversity in International Business, 2008). Managing the differences in the languages, traditions, cultures and religions within the host country is very difficult and complex job as compared to the home country for the MNC. The cultural diversity among the human resources and the customers not only relates to the social setup but also have impact on the psychology and the personality of the stakeholders. Setting up an organizational culture which makes the pace with the country culture is quite difficult for any MNC as business culture is quite different from the social culture of the host country (The Problem of Cultural Diversity in International Business, 2008). The UAE is considered as the country of great cultural heritage which is strongly influenced by the originality of its people. Though the UAE is considered as the greatest business hub for the international trade but at the same time, it is quite difficult for MNCs to adapt the cultural shift within the country. The business within the UAE has its own cultural etiquettes and ethics which a MNCs need to adapt with tolerance and flexibility. The UAE is the Islamic country whose culture is totally different in respect to greetings, attribute towards the god, prayers, appearance, religion, behavior, communications, workplace environment, women at workplace, eating and drinking habits etc. Thus the MNC doing business o planning to do business within UAE have to follow such cultural norms in relation to marketing and all other operational activities so as to follow the legal obligations and also to make the market loyal towards the company with the feeling of belongingness (Cross cultural business relationships: Abu Dhabi, 2011). FedEx Express is the industry global leaders in the express distribution industry and committed to provide rapid, reliable, and timely delivery service in about 220 countries and territories which connects the network of more than 90 percent of the worlds GDP within one to three business days. The company facilitates the customers with several world class services such as unmatched air route authorities and best transport infrastructure, integrates with high class technical infrastructure which makes FedEx Express as the worlds largest freight and express transportation organization. The global leader has to face various challenges of the global business environment and combating with all such challenges it becomes the leader to take the competitive advantage of the global market. Being the global leader, the company faces various challenges in trading within the foreign countries including the cultural challenges utmost. FedEx UAE also faced various cross cultural challenges to esta blish itself and to earn the loyalty of the customers as FedEx is the US based company and UAE is the Islamic country thus there is a huge cultural difference between both the home country and the host country of the FedEx (Company Information). Cultural Challenges faced by FedEx in UAE Being the global market leader of the express industry and even in the UAE express market, FedEx has to face various environmental challenges particularly the cross cultural challenges with respect to the workplace environment and the marketing among the host country customers. The cultural challenges relate to religion, language, working style, women at workplace, behavior, attitude, appearances etc. These Factors pay a very vital role in the organizational culture and the customer satisfaction and loyalty as the local national prefer those brands within which they have trust and belongingness and the most culturally related organization is able to reach more and more local customers. Within the host country, the FedEx have to attract the UAE local Nationals and have to employ the local Emirati people as per the UAE policy of Emiritization and to reduce the operational cost. But in doing so the company has to face various challenges related to cross cultural environment. Islam, the official religion of UAE encompasses the every aspect of life within the country. Showing disrespectful feeling for the Islam is the serious and punishable offense within the country. The Islamic faith throws light on the generosity, respect and the modesty within the business which is totally opposite to the US based organizational culture. The individual honor and respect as the human is the most prominent and supreme within the Islamic culture and business discussions are mainly done with the help of indirect style of communications. Hierarchy is the most important concept within the UAE which mainly focuses on the top down approach having the decisions, powers and authorities centralized to the single person. Within the direct communication, they leave comparatively less personal space as compared to other organizational culture but the Arab gives high value to the Civility within the business itself. Shaking hands within the meetings and departing is restricted only t o Men; Women usually avoid shaking hands for greeting and the Men usually place hand over their own heart in greeting women. Status of the person within the organization is considered as very much important and most senior person in the group is greeted first whether with the first or last name or with the titles. Hospitality is considered as the matter of pride within the Arab culture and they preserve the honor of the host (Culture and Work Styles in Dubai, 2011). The culture is very many vast terms and comprises of various factors, attire is one of the major factor within UAE culture. Arab Men used to wear Thobe, a long ankle length white cotton garment and the women wore Abaya which makes them covered from shoulders to feet. Foreign men wore the formal business attire for the business and western women wear western clothing with the care to cover the legs, arms, shoulders and legs as it is considered as impolite to remain them uncovered (Culture and Work Styles in Dubai, 2011). Alcohol is strictly prohibited under the culture and it is considers as illegal offence to have the license of alcohol. Bars and hotel provides the alcohol for the tourist, expats and the residents who have the license to buy the fixed amount of alcohol every month. Public display of drinking alcohol is the strict offence and punished as fine to incarceration as per the offence (Culture and Work Styles in Dubai, 2011). As compared to Europe and the US, the attitude towards time in the UAE is far more relaxed for instances, the meetings can start late or can be cancelled at the last moment without any warning which is the greatest challenge for FedEx as it is the US based firm where strict timelines are followed. The working week within UAE culture is also different from the Christian countries i.e. it runs from Saturday to Wednesday with the weekend having the Muslin Sabbath (Challanges of Doing Business in UAE). Arabic is considered as the official language of UAE, though English, Hindi, Persian is widely spoken in the country and Urdu is considered as the language of commerce. More than 80 % of the UAE national and Expats follow Sunni Branch of Islam, and rest follows Shia Branch of Islam. Religious freedom is being provided by the constitution and other religions practiced in the country are Hinduism and Christianity (Culture People). Strategies and Measures to manage such challenges Such cross cultural challenges so faced by the FedEx within UAE can affect it international business in the host country of UAE as it directly affects the work culture environment and the organizational culture and also affects the marketing strategy of the company. FedEx have to interact the local UAE consumers directly as it is involved in the Express business. Managing the cultural impact is quite difficult to the company in the direct marketing and interaction with the consumers and even with the other stakeholders. Some of the strategies and measures can be applied in order to combat with such challenges and to evolve as the UAE local as well as the global market leader within the Express market of UAE. Such measures are as follows: A basic understanding of Islam. Knowledge about role of women in the workplace environment and at home. Awareness to the Arab workplace culture. Knowledge of verbal and non verbal communication in the Arab culture. Attire and dressing knowledge as per the requirement. Effective translation during communication. Respect as a prominent factor (Cross cultural business relationships: Abu Dhabi, 2011). Future Prospects The UAE is considered as the most cosmopolitan and westernized country of the world but in spite of such business exposure, it has preserved its cultural heritage. The globalization have resulted to the transformation of traditional culture in to multicultural tapestry which would lead to the mix of traditional and modern eastern and western culture within the UAE and helps to manage the cross cultural challenges for the MNCs planning to set p their business in UAE.

Can We Reduce the Rate of Juvenile Crime and Violence? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

â€Å"Palm Beach County, Fla. -- On May 26, 2000, 13-year-old Nathaniel Brazill shot his teacher, Barry Grunow, with a .25 caliber handgun in school. Palm Beach County prosecutors tried Brazill as an adult for first degree murder. The jury found Brazill guilty of second-degree murder and the judge sentenced him to 28 years in an adult facility. After his release, Brazill will face two years of house arrest and five years of probation.† (Klug) Does this sentence seem too harsh, or perhaps too lenient? Without knowing all of the details involved in the case, it may be harder to decide what would be the best thing to do with 13-year-old Brazill. What specific details would a person need to know in order to sentence him properly? Has he ever done this before? What were his motives? Is he from a rough neighborhood, living in a bad family situation? Maybe all of these things don’t matter in determining Brazill’s sentence, and he should just be punished according to his crime. If you’re having a hard time deciding, you’re not alone. Since the juvenile court’s introduction in 1899, there have been debates over whether or not the court is effective in treating juveniles. Brazill’s case demonstrates the view that the juvenile court is not working, or is not sufficient to deal with cases as serious as Brazill’s. This is evident in the fact that he was sent to adult court as a 13-year-old as opposed to being tried in the juvenile court. The recent shift toward trying more juveniles as adults is a plain indicator that the juvenile justice system is not working. No one will disagree with that. However, people will disagree on what the system is supposed to be doing in the first place, and how we as a nation should go about fixing it. There are many different approaches to how juveniles should be dealt with, and each approach is extremely complex. One of the main factors that causes the complexity is that with each approach comes certain doctrines on the differences between juveniles and adults.

Freedom: Political Philosophy and Populous Positive Liberty Essay

Freedom remains the sole basis for American society as we know it. Without freedom the great nation of America would have never been founded. To understand the true principles of freedom, one must understand the scope of the word. Philosophical freedom encompasses the ability to make choices without restraints, while political freedom is the state of being free rather than in physical confinement. Despite the importance of these ideas to our founding fathers, freedom has lost much of its importance in modern American society. The failure to stress the importance of freedom has diminished the quality of life for the entire American populous. Positive liberty is the freedom for one to become all one can (Postive Liberty). This idea can be considered, in general, a totalitarian principle because leaders following this ideology often believs it is within their realm to force the citizens to become all they can be. But this could also be considered democratic through governmental programs such as welfare, affirmative action, and many others created to better society. Yet negative liberty, is the primary one we want in our lives. However negative liberty is the freedom from the constraints that limit us (Negative Liberty). In sharp contrast to the totalitarian principles of positive liberty, negative liberty is based more on libertarian principles in which the government takes the backseat allowing people to thrive through their own actions. A real world view of this would be the Conservative principle of laissez-faire, an idea that the government should stay away from enacting laws that limit buisness. Liberty constitutes a small principle in the immense ideals of American freedom. Even though Positive liberty seems like a negative thing when combined with the ideals of Negative liberty a prosperus society can be created. To understand the importance of freedom in American society, we must go back to the beginning: the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson framed the constitution around the concepts set forth by John Locke, the father of liberty. The Declaration of Independence created a way to free ourselves from the injustices done upon us by the English monarchy. This document set forth the basis of what a government can reasonably do to protect and tax its citizens, before being beyond the appropriate scope of its power. When the government exceeds this power one must consider this an infringement on freedom. This governmental basis becomes extenuated in the Bill of Rights, the foundation of the US constitution. The Bill of Rights remains the true source of our freedoms as American. These freedoms include speech, religion etc. These freedoms were â€Å"to be held dear† by all members of our society. As a result off the plasticity of these amendments, the American elitists can interpret these for their own ideas. Since the beginning of America, Elitists have found a way to hinder the lower and middle classes involvement in government through the enormous amount of money required to create a successful election campaign. Taking on an elected role in government is supposed to be a freedom every member of society can achieve, but with the fiscal importance of campaigning it is not possible. In the 2004 election campagins alone, canidates spent $144 million dollars out of their own pocket. (’04 Elections Expected to Cost Nearly $4 Billion) As displayed by the Bush family, these elitists continue their stronghold on American government. If the lower to middle classes can’t find a way to break the barriers that bar them from governmental participation, their quality of life will remain vastly behind that of the elitist. To break these barriers the citizens must resort to using the principles guaranteed to them through both the Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence. Positive Liberty allows us as citizens to bring ourselves to become the best we can, which destroys class barriers completley. While Negative Liberty allows us to in any manner possible liberate ourselves from this lack of freedom. One day in regards to a situation like ours, Jefferson said â€Å"Experience hath shewn, that even under the best forms of government those entrusted with power have, in time, and by slow operations, perverted it into tyranny† (Thomas Jefferson Quotes). In high ranking offices, lower and middle class elected officials would be able to take stands to protect their peers, not the big buisnesses that are being protected now. This â€Å"ruling class† has also enacted laws that protect only their interest. In 2001 the Bush administartion created a pakage to eliminate the estate tax, which applies only to the richest 2% of Americans (Estate Tax loss will punch whole in Budget). Through this idea most of the capital owned by these millionaires is never taxed. How fair is that? Also the upper class leaders have taken stands to protect big buisness, allowing them to place subsidaries in tax havens around the world preventing most of their income from being taxed. Even though this idea allows the economy to flourish, the national debt continues to rise for the good of these elites. Throughout the course this nation has taken, the freedom we hold the dearest – the First Amendment – has been limited through some congressional and executive rulings. Not only have governmental rulings limited these rights but also the members of the â€Å"ruling class'† control over media and other sources of information. Most media outlets our controlled by wealthy people, who greatly support the elitists running for higher ranking ruling offices, often donating to their campaigns (Who owns CNN? or MSNBC? ABC? ). Without the ability for someone outside this select fraternity to own a prestigious news outlet, propaganda is easily spread without any notice by the people. Not only has our ability to gain any media control diminished, but also are right to freedom of speech has diminished. The people within the nation that is considered the most free and democratic, often find themselves facing oppression when they attempt to speak against the injustices committed by their government. In one situation a man refused to go to the specified â€Å"protest zones† designated by the Secret Service, often miles off the path of the presidential motorcade, he was then charged with disorderly conduct (Free Speech Zone). How free is that? This oppression must be cast off by the people in an attempt to right our sinking nation. Tapping phones for police or governmental purposes often requires just cause, but who needs that nowadays. President Bush thrust off any judicial oversight required to tap phone lines and served as the catalyst behind many unnecessary and illegal phone taps. As we take a stand against the abuses by the government against freedom as citizens, we must remain in our boundaries to provide ourselves the greatest opportunity to garner support throughout not only the area, but the nation. If we advertise our views too radically, our chance to improve our quality of life will fail. Pursing freedom outside the scope outlined in the constitution creates almost an anarchy, which often does not increase the quality of life but lowers it greatly. The battle for freedom within America has taken a turn for the worst as can be seen through this minute amount of examples provided. Elitists continue to rule the nation uncontended by anybody. The exponential rate at which our freedoms are being not only diminished but taken away can only be stopped through the political activism of everyone involved in this great community. Even though as a single person, we appear small in the grand scheme of things, it only takes one person to start explosive reforms..