Look into a Psychotic mind

Not for the faint hearted. As a child I'd always been curious. Starting when I was six, I would spend hours doing my â€Å"experiments† It began with frogs and worms but soon I went on to bigger animals, mammals. The family cat, a little boys puppy, the school gerbils. The police never knew who took them although they did find the bodies†¦ When I was done with them. I'm twenty six now and quite the normal city girl if you don't count my experiments. I work for Poise magazine as a photographer and part time interviewer but my passion still lies in the biology of a body.Did you know humans can continue to live after the removal of the stomach, spleen, 75% of the liver, 80% of the intestines, one kidney, one lung, and virtually every organ from the pelvic and groin area. You might not feel too great, but the missing organs wouldn't kill you. I wonder who was lucky enough to do this experiment, I'd love to be them. The surgeon or scientist†¦ Not the subject missing his o rgans. This is what inspired my latest question and led to the idea for my new â€Å"experiment† I picked up my subject outside a local club.It's quiet skinny but still a healthy looking packmen, the shaggy brown hair is really what pulled me to it. Eve always loved light brown hair for some reason. Anyway, my specimen spent the morning in my car trunk while I was at work, I made sure he was knocked out properly. I don't need my co-workers hearing noises from my car and investigating†¦ I'd probably lose my Job. Who am I kidding? My Job would be toast. I drove up to my old family house in the country, having taken the week off I had time to come out here.No one knows about the old house and it was so far away from anything you could scream your head off without anyone showing up. Perfect for hat I needed. I dragged the still unconscious specimen into the large garage, his chloroform nap would be the last peace he had so he may as well enjoy it. I'm a relatively small woma n so dragging him to the garage wasn't the easiest thing to do. Why the heck didn't I park closer? I sighed to myself. Break time is over and I need to get back to work. I walked across the dusty floor and stared at the tools lining my wall.I looked at each one and grinned at the damage they could each do. Hammers for smashing, saws for sawing, pliers for pulling, knives for slicing and blowtorches for†¦ Well you get the point. The collection was large and helped quell my curiosity. I grabbed a length of thick rope from one of the hooks and walked back to where my specimen lay. My shoes made clanking noises against the floor but there was no reason to be quiet†¦ So I wasn't. Spotting a sturdy beam above me, I tossed the rope over it and watched as thick braided cord fell far enough down so I could reach it if I Jumped.You'd think I'd done this before. After I made sure I could reach both ends of the rope I turned to my subject. He looked so peaceful, I don't think he remem bered his abduction or understood what was to come. My first human specimen was a cutie, I had to admit. It's almost a shame, almost. I pulled his unconscious body into place and wound the rope around his ankles after removing the man's boots. I made sure my knots were tight and would not slip undone as that would ruin the experiment.Grabbing the other end of dangling rope I pulled it over my shoulder and began to walk towards the pillar near the edge of my garage where I could tie off the rope, leaving my specimen hanging from the rafters like meat in a butcher shop. While waiting for my subject to awake I decided to record my progress in the book I pet with me at all times. It was filled with notes on all my experiments, granted they were all animal experiments. Subject: â€Å"Humans† Experiment: Skin Skin is a thin layer of tissue acting as a perimeter around the internal body keeping unwanted germs out.It is also the largest organ in the body and arguably the most importa nt. How important? After skinning subject â€Å"Humans† I hope to answer that question. Hypothesis: Without the outer layer the body should succumb to bacteria, viruses and disease. I am anticipating that dehydration will be my biggest obstacle. I heard a groan come from behind me and suppressed a grin. He's awake! I dropped the knives I'd brought with me behind him noisily. The man was now flailing around uselessly. The grogginess from being knocked out prevented him from succeeding, it was actually quite humorous!When he finally gave up, I walked behind him and gave his hair a playful tug, pulling his head back slightly. â€Å"What!? Wait-Who are you? Where am I!? † He yelled in fury. The anger was to be expected. He flailed some more until he faced me and tried to grasp at the edge of my Jeans. I stood Just out of his reach, these are designer Jeans! â€Å"Why? † I finally repeated back at him. Sees you crazy bitchy! Why am I here!? † He screamed. †Å"Because I have a question, no need for vulgar language. † I added sweetly. â€Å"Huh? Fine. What's the question? † He huffed. â€Å"Do you remember how you got here? Not my actual question but still needs to be answered. â€Å"l- l†¦ No. † He looked thoughtful and I smiled, Just what I wanted to hear. I slipped my hand into my pocket and withdrew the needle filled with liquid chloroform, enjoying the look of horror on his face. Before he could yell or thrash around I slipped it into his neck, further than necessary and he yelped in pain. The Heimlich soon entered his blood and the struggling stopped. Carefully I made the first incision in his back with a fillet knife, being careful not to go too deep as I ran the blade down his back.I pulled up the skin and slid my knife between the skin and his back watching as the external organ was removed from his back. I did my task in silence working my way up his shoulders and arms. I wasn't concerned with the smal l amounts of skin under the bindings as it would be rubbed raw by the friction of his movements and there was no time to work on such tediousness. Next I worked on my subject's chest and torso. By the time the crimson map of internal workings was shown on his top half, or bottom since he is upside down. A decent sized puddle of blood had collected on the stone floor.The thick red liquid ran down his still unharmed neck and landed with a trickling plop on the ground. The neck proved an easy part. The fingers and toes gave me some difficulty as the skin between the digits was at an awkward angle and hard to reach with in the small spaces, I succeeded in the end. Skinning his â€Å"manhood† was excruciatingly tedious. The skin covering the gender based organ was already so thin, it was nearly impossible to get rid of. I'm thankful the member is so small or I may have lost my patience and chopped the damned thing off completely.I gave my subject a shot of kill, a chemical compoun d used to help blood clotting and thicken the blood. I want to see how long my subject will survive without skin and blood loss cannot be a factor! His neck and head was all that was left. As I passed over his features carefully, I ruined one of the eyes by accidental cutting an eyelid off. Careless but not a huge mistake, I hope. I finished off removing the rest of the skin from his head. He isn't cute anymore, that's for sure. There, perfect. I thought as I stood back to admire the exposed muscles and tendons.The blue of his veins reminded me of a road map, twisting and turning throughout his rosy red form. Fresh blood oozed from his body but not to an extent that would cause the subject's demise, thanks to the kill . I placed a large mirror in front of him so when he awoke he'd see himself. I want him to appreciate the time I put into his death. When my subject awoke there was much swearing so I left him alone for a day to calm down and accept his fate. Its day 2 of the skinless man and time to feed him. I can't let starvation or dehydration influence my answer. His death has to be due to loss of skin.He didn't speak while I fed him, no swearing or begging. I found it unusual but I think he must be feeling some despair. I'd noticed his drying form and the way most of his body had scabbed over, leaving it looking rough and deformed. I suppose that all I can do now is wait Day 5. Five and make sure he has enough water. Day 3. The subject is growing weaker, diseases starting to take over his skinless form. Some disconsolation can be seen in his tissue as well as a mixture of sores that seep a yellowish puss. The eyelid that I accidental cut off has now dried out, it now rerouted from his face slightly.His body is also admitting a sour smell. Like a mixture of dried urine and rotting flesh. The dour attracts all sorts of flies, gnats and mosquitoes. Both feeding on his decaying tissue and laying eggs in the warm gore. I watch in fascination as his flesh seems t o crawl and wiggle with the bugs devouring him slowly. It's exciting, I did not for see this in my experiment. Day 4. The eye without its lid popped at some point last night, its insides became a comfortable bed for flies. Putrid, dark greenish purple glop dried in a strip down his face. Disgusting. â€Å"Why don't you Just kill me? The man asked weakly. L am killing you silly! It's Just taking a while longer than expected. † I smiled at how naive he is. â€Å"Why? † He wept. â€Å"l told you, I'm curious. † Then I thought of something, â€Å"What's your name? † â€Å"Connors, My name is Connors. You? † Him should I tell him my name? â€Å"I'm Reggae. † After that I left him hanging. Literally. He's still strung up from the roof, I'm surprised he hasn't complained off head-AC. Days, I thought as I stood in front of his lifeless body. His muscles and tissues were one giant, inflamed red scab with large areas of purple, blue and even yellow du e to extreme infection.

Dark Tech: The Effect of the Cell Phone on Health

Today’s technologies are advancing at such an astonishing rate. This can make it difficult for even the most avid â€Å"techie† to keep pace. Technology is that wonderful thing that brings comfort and convenience to our lives. But, with that comfort and convenience, there often comes a price; and the technology of the cell phone proves no exception. Arguably, as a communication tool, the cell phone has no equal in how it has changed and affected our lives. Mostly, the effect has been positive in many ways. But, as it is with anything, overuse and abuse has brought out its dark side and the effect of unintended consequences.One of the unintended consequences of the cell phone is its effect on the health of its users and even the health of those around them. What is the effect of the cell phone on our health? Researchers are examining the health risks associated with cell phone use. This research has focused on traffic accidents, germs, cancer, electromagnetic radiation, and vision health. Traffic Accidents and Cell Phones Cell phone users knowingly, or unknowingly, put themselves and others in potentially hazardous situations by using a cell phone while driving.A recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focused on cell phone distracted drivers in the United States. According to the study, sixty-nine percent of drivers in the United States, ages 18-64, reported that they had talked on their cell phone while driving within the last thirty days. Additionally, within that same demographic, thirty-one percent of U. S. drivers reported that they had read or sent text messages or email messages while driving at least once within the 30 days before they were surveyed.One must note that these percentages reflect only those drivers that â€Å"admitted† to the cell phone activity in question. Activities, such as texting, take the driver’s attention and hands away from driving more frequently and for longer periods than othe r distractions, making it proportionately more dangerous. Younger, inexperienced drivers under the age of 20 may be at a higher risk; they garner the highest proportion of distraction-related fatal crashes. The National Safety Council reports that at least 23 percent of all traffic crashes, or at least 1. 3 million crashes, involve cell phone use.This number can be broken down to an estimated 1. 2 million crashes each year involving drivers using cell phones for conversations and the remaining 100,000 or more additional crashes can be related to drivers who are texting. Analyzing this data shows that cell phone conversations are involved in 12 times as many crashes as texting. This seems to dispel the common myth that a texting driver is the more commonly dangerous cell phone activity. Additionally, and maybe surprisingly to some, it is not just our drivers causing dangerous situations on the roadways.Many times, pedestrians entranced with their cell phones are just as dangerous as drivers using them. A study published in Injury Prevention in 2012 reflects that one in three pedestrians is distracted by a mobile device while crossing busy streets. This type of distraction leads to accidents that injure both pedestrians and drivers. Germs and Cell Phones Cell phones not only carry important data, but nasty germs also. The greasy, oily residue you usually see on your cell phone after a week, or only a day, of use can often contain more disease-laden germs than those found on a toilet seat.In 2011, researchers from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine at Queen Mary, University of London found that one in six cell phones is contaminated with some sort of fecal matter. These fecal deposits find their way on to the handsets often because their owners did not wash their hands with soap and water after using the toilet. Some of the phones were found to harbor E. coli bacteria from fecal origin. If this bacterium is transferred into the mouth and ingested in to the body, it can cause fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.In another recent study, students in an Environmental Health course at South University, Columbia sought to find out what germs live on cell phones. After swabbing a sample of 60 phones belonging to students, they found that phones were frequently contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to Dr. Robert J. Wolff, PhD, program director of Health Science at South University, â€Å"Staph aureus is always dangerous and MRSA forms are worse because they cannot be stopped easily.†Staph skin infections, including MRSA, can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses. The bacteria might remain confined to the skin, or burrow deeper into the body to cause potentially life-threatening infections in bones, joints, and surgical wounds. Once established in the body, the infection can infiltrate the bloodstream migrating to the heart valves and lungs tissues where it can wreak havoc on critical physi o-biological systems. Radiation and Cell Phone Usage Our cell phones certainly provide an efficient and easy way to communicate with friends, family, and co-workers.But, multiple research projects have suggested that excessive use of these communication devices may take a long-term toll on the user’s wellbeing. Cell phones use transmitting radio waves through a series of cell towers where radiofrequency (RF) waves create electromagnetic fields. Although cell phones are considered to be low-powered RF transmitters, your handset transmits power when it is on, and therefore it is important to increase your distance from the handset to reduce RF radiation exposure.The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) suggests cell phone users to keep a minimum distance of 20 centimeters from their handset to significantly reduce RF radiation exposure. Adults and especially children can suffer the long-term effects of radiation waves on the brain. According to Dr. Devra Davis, director for environmental oncology at the University of Pittsburgh, â€Å"Young children particularly need to be careful. We do not have enough information nor do we have enough time to be sure that cell phones are safe, and there's reason for concern that they may be harmful.†The University of Pittsburgh also warned its faculty and staff to limit their cell phone use due to the possible cancer risks. Vision and Cell Phones For those of you with smart phones, staring at your mobile device can cause problems in your vision later in life. Since screens on mobile devices tend to be smaller than computer screens, you are more likely to squint and strain your eyes while reading messages. According to the Vision Council, more than 70 percent of Americans don't know or are in denial that they are susceptible to digital eye strain.Additionally, smart phones and other hand-held devices are designed for reading at close range, so users’ eyes must constantly refocus and reposition to process the display’s text and graphics. As much as one-third of U. S. adults reported spending as many as four to six hours a day with their cell phones or related electronic devices. As digital device use increases, so do potential vision problems, including eye strain. Symptoms of this â€Å"digital† eye strain may include dry eyes, eye redness or irritation, blurred vision, neck and back pain, as well as headaches.Conclusion We know that today’s cell phone is the new wonder of modern technology that makes our lives richer and fuller as each new model is introduced. It is technically a microcomputer hidden beneath the cloak of a phone that puts the information super highway in our hip pocket for instant access at any time or place. Oh yeah, we can use it to communicate with our friends, family and co-workers too. So, are cell phones hazardous to our health? Well, if cell phones were handguns, they might be banned, or at the very least restricted by all means of laws and regulation.If cell phones were automobiles, an owner would probably need to take a safety course to get an operator’s license. To be serious, the cell phone is just a tool. If used in a safe manner and a little common sense, it is no more dangerous than any other tool (Said the three-fingered shop teacher). Unfortunately, not every cell phone user is endowed with common sense. So, until legislation catches up with the technology, the cell phone will have its dark side fraught with danger. Until then, to stay safe, we can clean our hands and cell phones regularly to keep the toilet germs and other assorted pathogens away from our mouths.We can keep our phone’s possible cancer causing RF at bay by using hands-free devices as much as possible. We can keep our eyesight a little longer by limiting device usage and eye strain. Last, but most importantly, we need to keep our cell phones in our pockets and purses while driving. If we need to make or answer a call, hand it to a passenger, pull over, or wait until we reach our destination to use the device. Just remember, when using your cell phone, think â€Å"safety first†; your health depends on it!

What Brought to the French Revolution

Loreen Jill Ramirez Catubay 12 September 2010 HSS1C. 01 Miss. Erickson FRENCH REVOLUTION DBQ â€Å"The French Revolution. † What pops up in your head? Probably a plethora of ideas. Images of riots, nobles, monarchy and such. So many mistakes and so many achievements has come out of the French Revolution. Many failed policies, laws and many inspirational and influential ideas has come of the French Revolution. The important causes of the French Revolution has changed France.The French Revolution had many causes which lead to the outbreak of the revolution such as heavy taxes, extreme poverty and the ideas of the Enlightenment. During Arthur Young’s travel through France from 1787 to 1789 he stated â€Å"There is an injustice levying on the amount of each person must pay† (Document 1). One Cause that brought of the French Revolution is the inequality of the levy and taxes on the among the 3 estates. The first estate which is the body of all people ordained for reli gious duties most commonly in the Christian Church was called the â€Å"Clergy†.The Clery had no taxes on them but they, The Clergy could collect tithes or taxes from people who are living on churches land. The Clergy owned 10% of the countries land but shockingly the Clergy consist of 1% of the countries population. The second estate which is known as belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status is called the â€Å"Nobles†. The Nobles had very few taxes on them while they collected taxes and rents from peasants while the peasants worked for both higher classes, the first estates and the second estate.The second estate, Nobles consisted of only 2% of the population but owned 35% of the countries land. Last but not least, This brings us to the third estate of peasants. Peasants are either Middles class, peasants or city workers. These people consisted of 97% of the countries population. They owned only 55% of the land. The third estate was treate d very unfairly in both land and taxes. Peasants earned the least but paid the most taxes. This made them very mad about the injustice of the heavy levying as stated in the quote.During the Arthur Young’s stay in France he has observed a lot of things about France as a country. Arthur Young stated on September 5,1788 that, â€Å"The poor people seem very poor indeed. The children are terribly ragged† (Document 1). Due to the heavy taxes on the peasants who work the longest and hardest jobs yet earn the least they had very little money lift for themselves and their families. Arthur Young also noticed that , â€Å"The price of bread has risen above the people’s ability to pay†.The people were so poor that they did not even have enough money to buy bread for themselves to eat while the people in the first and second estate were eating steaks, cakes and many luxurious foods. This situation of unfairness and inequality made the peasants anger towards the other estates and the monarchy grow. Historian Albert Mathiez claims that leadership fell into the middle class in which he stated that, â€Å"The middle class†¦.. was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The Revolution came from them-the middle class.They were just beginning to learn to read† (Document 4). Through this the middle class gained knowledge and ideas of the Enlightenment. They became philosophers. They started to believe and realized many things. Voltaire believed in freedom of speech but gone thrown in jail for making fun of a rich baron. This made the rest of the citizens to wonder about what they could say and why weren’t they allowed to talk about whatever they wanted?. John Locke was a believer of natural rights from birth and is famous for his writings on rights of life, liberty and property.His writings made people have an â€Å"oh yeah! why NOT?! † moment and questioned their rights and the other estates rights deciding that this was unfair and unjust. These people started to believe and agree with what these philosophers thought than what the king or the clergy thought. The 3 situations that helped caused the revolution. Heavy taxes were unjust as the peasants who earned the least, paid the most taxes while the other estates lived a luxurious life. The extreme famine which of left the peasants stomach digesting in nothing but anger towards the onarchy while the higher estates had tea parties and buffets and ideas of the Enlightenment which opened the eyes of many others about how much unfairness, inequality and injustice they have been treated with and that this was not tolerable as they philosophers encouraged them for they believed that everyone should have rights, liberty and freedom. The citizens years of suffering, inequality, injustice, unfairness and anger were the causes that had lead to the French Revolution.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Essay Example However, the debate is over the fact that whether or not Preston had ordered the men to fire or all hell broke loose when a man fired his musket and others followed suit, without any orders and the blame was placed on Preston entirely. As a result, five people were dead by the end of the firing and Preston was charged for murder and during the trial, 81 people came forward as witnesses out of which only 15 were allowed by the Crown; those that were not allowed stated that the attacks had been planned by the colonists beforehand. According to the deposition given by Preston personally, it was stated that the mob had gone out of control and that people were verbally as well as physically abusing each other. They literally dared the army to shoot and fire and bring them down and even then the army held its own. Preston stated that when asked, he denied his men to shoot at all costs and kept saying no whenever he was asked. However, the rioters refused to back down and hit one of the sol diers with a stick on his head; this infuriated a few other soldiers who then started firing without any commands being given to them, as an act of self defence, against the raging mob. The witnesses on behalf of Preston all stated that they did not hear him ordering anyone to fire, instead heard him asking his soldiers to stop even after they had begun firing. The orders had come not from Preston but from another source. Thomas Preston’s trial brought in the issue of a reasonable doubt which gives the defendant an opportunity to save himself on the basis of a chance that he was not guilty in his actions. When the mob hit Private Hugh Montgomery, the army assumed that Preston would open fire on the people that were turning into rowdy animals and provoking them to attack. The soldiers fired despite Preston standing between them and the mob and their uneven bursts of fire and fury killed eleven innocent people in the process. Paul Revere, one of the key figures in the revolutio nary movement that took place in America, engraved the sights and sounds of the Massacre in a manner that highlighted the plight of the people suppressed under British tyranny. His creation of the controversy taking place on King’s Street has become one of the most powerful pieces of art in the history of the American Revolution depicting the British grenadiers standing calm in suit but shooting with their rifles at the disturbed mob on the other side of the street. In his engraving, Revere has deliberately failed to draw the snow and the ice covering the streets and also has depicted Crispus Attucks, the black man as a white because he wanted to display the high level of repute that Attucks should have received as the very first martyr as a result of the riot – the colour white displaying the highest level of authority and deserving. Preston moved to Ireland, it had been presumed, after leaving Boston and not being acquitted for the trial; according to personal opinio n, he was a scapegoat caught in the riot. His duty was to take care of his soldiers and command them and despite giving them orders to not shoot or fire, they opened fire in order to protect themselves. Preston cannot be held guilty against the backdrop of such facts where the soldiers were not trained enough to follow their heads and not their hearts; they feared their own lives and that is why went against their officer, however he could not have been held guilty and charged for the murder that he has not committed. Witnesses continued

Computer Technology Opens a World of Work to Disabled People Essay

Computer Technology Opens a World of Work to Disabled People - Essay Example Advancement in technology provides access at home jobs like customer services and phone sales. Many disabled people are willing to work and actively seek employment that suits their needs as laborers. Computer technology makes employment for the disabled more convenient and more likely. Some computer software includes speech software that types the spoken words of the user, software that allows using a keyboard to surf the Internet instead of a mouse, and other software. Advancement in computer software and technology can provide job opportunities for disabled workers. There are limitations to the amount of work a disable person can perform. These limitations include not only health limitations but also finance limitations. In order to keep disability benefits, a disabled laborer must not make more than $860 a month. Providing disabled laborers with employment opportunities will create financial stability on top of usual disability benefits. Computer technology can cause and increase in the number of available jobs for disabled workers. An increase in jobs could in turn increase the number of disabled laborers currently on the work force. Company that have hired the disabled have been pleased with the loyalty of workers. The disabled are looking for employment available to them and when found there are few other opportunities for them to seek another employer. Employers should do their best to accommodate and hire disabled worker in their companies. The topic of adaptive technology for the employment of disabled workers is very important to me. Disabled people have the right to work if they are able just like any other person in the world. Most disabled people have a desire to work but employers are unable to accommodate their disability. Technological advances can bring jobs to the home instead creating more work for disabled laborers. I have had many experiences in my life that has lead me to become interested in adaptive technology for the disabled in the workplace. Many disabled people have a desire to work but are limited in the amount of work or type of work. A friend of mine has a cousin with Muscular Dystrophy. Muscular Dystrophy is a disease that causes muscle degeneration. By the time, her cousin was the age of ten; he could no longer walk and had to use a wheel chair. Currently he has limited movement in his fingers and neck providing little opportunity for him to join the workforce. This did not stop him from finding a job to do using adaptive technology. The Muscular Dystrophy foundation provide him with a computer that he could command by a voice synthesizer and he developed his own business creating address labels. Adaptive technology made employment possible for this disabled person. Another friend had a problem with generalized anxiety disorder, which caused her to get panic attacks every time she was in a crowd, or had to deal with unruly customers, or face any type of criticism from an employer, customer, or teacher. With the help of a computer, my friend was able to find a job as a writer, dealing with customers via the Internet instead of face to face. The distances caused panic attacks to be more manageable because she could walk away

Religion, Feminism, and Environmentalism Research Paper - 1

Religion, Feminism, and Environmentalism - Research Paper Example Women who are both religious and in support of the efforts of the women’s movement have sought common ground in order to actively pursue ecological interests. In comparing Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist faiths in context with women’s movements, it is clear they are actively interested in both principles of equality and ecology where common ground can be found which unites these belief systems. Ecological feminism is a theory that combines feminist ideals and motivations with a concern with preserving the world through ecological perspectives. Warren and Cheney write that â€Å"Ecological feminism is a feminism which attempts to unite the demands of the women's movement with those of the ecological movement in order to bring about a world and worldview that are not based on socioeconomic and conceptual structures of domination†. The marriage of the women’s movement and ecological interests is not new and can be seen in many cultures, including in Brazil whe re the women’s movement and the landless people movement were grew together in order to support the concept of living off of the land in a communal and freedom based environment that was contextually absent of consumerist interests. This was done in order to support the weak and the marginalized in a meaningful and bountiful way.2 It may be that the problems within the environment are some of the most serious problems that are being faced in the 21st century as the economy and the act of working is based upon consumerism which often strips resources and fundamentally changes ecological systems both nonhuman and human.3 The idea of ecological feminist movements are often based upon practical solutions to social problems where in the shadow of patriarchy and male dominance, alternatives to participation in economies where there are disadvantaged women find ways in which to focus on less economically based roots of survival. Hindu The traditions of India were always based upon e cological principles in which sustainability was a driving force behind decision making in relationship to resources. Religious texts such as the Vedas and Puranas supported environmental ethics as well as the Advaita philosophy that â€Å"acquires a cosmic character as it considers all living beings to be God’s creation†4 This is the basis of Indian belief systems that place importance on reverence for the Earth. However, industrialization and the formation of larger cities as centers of employment have led to deforestation and he disruption of what had been carefully attended ecologies, specifically affecting women who depend more on the natural world for their sustenance and methods of earning a living. The development of environmental movements have allowed women a common cause that does not run contrary to other cultural belief systems, but allows them to assert themselves into the public discourse. The extremes of poverty sometimes prevent women in India to becom e activists, but it galvanizes others.5 In India, the issues of ecology and sustainability are integral to the needs of many women who are struggling with extremes of poverty that is heightened by destruction of resources that would have otherwise supported them. As in most nations, women in India are among the poorest demographic, with urbanization pushing women into the workforce at a higher rate of 19.5%, which leaves them in marginalized social positions in low paying jobs.6 The issue of ecological irresponsibility affects these women directly as their tradition and culture is irrevocably changed, the sustainability of the ecology is

Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Scientific Management - Essay Example Scientific management therefore is also considered as one of the earliest attempts to actually apply scientific methods on engineering processes and the management. Taylor offered four important rules which form the basis of the scientific management and are still considered as important contribution towards the overall theory of management. It is however, important to understand that as the industrial advancement took place and more and firms entered into the market, the overall ideas on management and their application in real life situations started to change. With the passage of time, new and more innovative methods of management and labor productivity were introduced which rendered scientific management only as a discipline limited to industrial engineering. Many therefore argue that scientific management has particular relevance for the modern day organizations and has no present day significance. Scientific management as a discipline started to emerge in the 19th century when industrial revolution started to take place. Industrial revolution necessitated the use of best practices for utilizing the skills of the labor to their maximum. It advocated the use of optimizing ways in which tasks are to be performed in most efficient manner and tasks are simplified enough that labors could be trained to perform various sequences of the tasks easily.( Smith, & Boyns,2005) Prior to the introduction of scientific management, work was mostly performed by the craftsman holding monopoly over the way their skills were traded and how they decided to perform their jobs. Scientific management however, took a step further and converted the jobs into series of simple tasks which can be easily performed by training any skilled and semi-skilled workers. The overall purpose of scientific management therefore was to ensure that jobs are simplified and further training can be imparted so that tasks can be

Obtain a copy of the annual report for Intercontinental Hotel Group Coursework

Obtain a copy of the annual report for Intercontinental Hotel Group PLC for the year ended 31 December 2011 - Coursework Example Financial performance and position of the Group â€Å"The big picture is 9 hotel brands, over 153 million guests annually, more than 672,000 rooms in over 4,500 hotels in nearly 100 countries and territories around the world† (IHG website, 2012), The nine renowned brands being Intercontinental Hotels & Resorts, Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts, Hotel Indigo, Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts, Holiday Inn Express, Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites, EVEN Hotels, Hualuxe Hotels and Resorts. Performance of the Brands The performance of all the brands during 2011 compared to the previous year has improved (Exhibit – I). Total gross revenue has increased by 8% to 20.2 bn in 2011 compared to $18.7 bn in 2010 for the group as a whole. Exhibit - I $ in bn. However, the performance in terms of cost and profitability in respect of the brands could not be worked for comparison due to inadequacy of details furnished in this respect. Performance can be analyzed with reference to classific ation of the business into Franchised, Managed and Owned & Leased. 12 months ended 31 December in $m 2011 2010 % Change Revenue Franchised 502 465 8.0 Managed 124 119 4.2 Owned and leased 204 223 (8.5) Total 830 807 2.9 Operating profit before exceptional items Franchised 431 392 9.9 Managed 52 21 147.6 Owned and leased 17 13 30.8 500 4 26 17.4 Regional overheads (49) (57) 14.0 Total Operating Profit 451 369 22.2 It could be observed that operating profits vary considerably due to incidence of expenses and overheads at varying levels. For example, in franchised revenue is up by 8% and operating profit is up by 9.9%, where as in managed hotels it is 4.2% and 147.6% and owned & leased hotels (-) 8.5% and 30% respectively . Key Performance Indicators The key performance indicators measure the group’s progress in the business. The KPIs over the past three years and their growth have been good. Year 2009 2010 2011 Net Rooms Supply 632325 0647161 658348 Gross Revenue ($ bn) 16.8 18 .7 20.2 CSR (Green engage hotels) 911 1122 1722 2011 2010 Earnings per share (EPS) 1.30 0.98 Revenue per available room: Revenue per available room is up by 6.2%. (Annual Report, p. 2) The Group’s reportable segments segmental information The reportable segments in the business have been classified based on the geographical locations of the hotels. There are five segments viz. Americas, Europe, AMEA (Asia Middle East and Africa) and Greater China and the central segment. Operating profit has increased in all the geographical segments. Since the central segment carries the burden of general support services provided by it to all the segments, the figures are not comparable. RevPAR growth in the Americas at 7.5% and Europe at 4.7% respectively has contributed significantly for the overall performance of the business. It is important to note that gross revenue includes revenue related to Franchised, Managed and Owned & Leased. 2011 2010 % Change % Change in revenue Operating Pro fit Americas 451 369 2.2 2.9 Europe 104 78 33.3 2.4 AMEA 84 82 2.4 1.4 Greater China 67 54 24.1 15.2 Central (147) (139) (5.8) 7.7 Operating Profit Before Exceptional Items 559 444 25.9 8.6 It could be observed that as in the case of franchised, managed and owned and leased classification of the business, % change in operating profit is inconsistent with the % change in revenue due to incidence of expenses and overheads in different reportable segments at varying levels. Impact of exceptional items on profitability The operating profit

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 67

Art - Essay Example The point of view of the visual art argument is to bring out the symmetrical structural balance as per the balanced colors used for painting. Therefore, this abstract composition piece is meant to bring out aesthetic balance of nature as per the colors that have been used through visual composition. Sensational effect is a factor to the aspect of the artistic abstract composition. This is due to the notion that, the colors and lines used bring out a sensational feel of any space that is a factor of the environment. My visual argument is based on the colors that have been used, the lines and patterns used for bringing out the balance as perceived of nature. This is based on the colors that have been used by the artist for this abstract piece. I used pattern, line, recurring patterns and proximity as my compositional interpretation of the abstract due to the emphasis that they bring out on aesthetics appeal. The most persuasive elements include balance brought in symmetrical from. This has been enhanced by the balance of use of colors. The balance brings out the feel of nature whereby, everything is aligned and proportional thus enhancing nature. The composition incorporated the use of line and color to form a pattern. The changes that are evident through the composition of abstr act are that, the colors have been manipulated to suit aesthetic appeal. The compositional choices are mainly based on color, line and form. This is because of the pattern that has been brought out through the line and colors used. Persuasive elements used include proximity in terms of softness of the painting and organizational structure. I believe that the pattern that has emerged gives the abstract painting a different view of aesthetics and appeal in nature most individuals’ perception is that, nature should always have specific colors

Examination of Major Epistemological Constraints Essay

Examination of Major Epistemological Constraints - Essay Example Similarly, it is fundamental to comprehend these terminologies for reasons of building a strong argument and supporting points with regards to the subject matter. A precise definition of epistemology is the study of nature, limits of the human understanding and origin of concepts and logical framework of various ideologies. However, there are some key points to note in epistemology for instance the possibility of various pulls of knowledge. Additionally, the kind of knowledge that is in question. It further seeks to find out whether some knowledge is in born or all knowledge is acquired (Fumerton 2006, p.66). History, on the other hand, is the study and analysis of past chronological events, facts and knowledged that has either been documented or is evident in various aspects. One of the most significant way of predicting the future happenings is by using past historical events (Neustadt & May 1988, p.25). Similarly, in the intelligence, world history has been used greatly to learn t he behavior and the reactions various armies, kingdoms, dynasties and empires. However, in as much as history is playing a major role in the development intelligence, and further act as a learning tool, it also has various applicational limitations. There are several underlying factors that contribute to limiting history as a learning tool with regards to intelligence (Butterfield 1965, p.35). In the United Kingdom (UK), for example, the intelligence unit was termed as the invincible man by both government and the general public. Additionally, most of these operations were not heard of. It was a silent movement, and most of its work was a secrete. Due to the high level of secrecy of the United Kingdom (UK) Secret Service, most of its operations were never documented hence limiting history as a tool for learning. In the early 20th century, most countries had spies who were responsible for gathering intelligence in a foreign country on behalf of their country. Due to this kind of oper ations it made documentation of the secret service strategies and operations extremely vulnerable. If this kind of information would leak to another country through spying, then it could put the whole United Kingdom (UK) in jeopardy. As a consequence of this documented history of previous operations, it is very difficult to find hence cannot be used as a historical tool for learning purposes. The existence of the secret service was a major secret to a point that even the UK government denied the very exixtance of this unit in order to protect it from foreign spies and foreign units who sort information in the UK. Another major limitation to using history as a tool of learning in regards to intelligence is that, in the United Kingdom, the documents that were used by the secret service were never kept by the Public Records Office (PRO). These records were exempted from storage by the Public Records Act of 1958. These records were famously know as the blanket exception records (Neustad t & May 1988, p.38). Similarly, the Act grants the chancellor exemption power to withhold these documents that were related to intelligence. The death of basic or primary sources of information posed a great challenge and limitation to historians and other people who would want to use this form of history as a tool of learning and for scholarly purposes. The main aim for this secrecy was to intensify operational security and eliminate any prospects of external

Leadership Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Evaluation - Research Paper Example It can also be an increase in the number of new clients to the firm (Dive 2008). The next stage looks at the role of a leader in stirring a company in the right direction in the right industry. It looks at the CEO’s ability to translate the vision of the establishment to all stakeholders and to be able to communicate strategies to his team for implementation (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy 2012). This category looks at the ability of the CEO to keep all interested parties in the know of the path the company is taking to achievement of goals and objectives (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy 2012). Understanding the financial position of the firm is important for a leader and hence is checked on in the performance appraisal form. Such an understanding can only happen if the leader is in good terms with the board of governors of the organization (Marques 2007). Understanding the finances helps to reduce chances of misappropriation of funds. Sometimes an external audit helps to shed light on financial matters. It is important that the leader achieves financial goals set by the company annually (Marques 2007). A good relationship with other market players and the Human Resource at the work place is important for a leader to ensure a healthy working environment (Marques 2007). Understanding the products and services a firm produces is something every leader should have knowledge of. Without this knowledge then the whole vision of the company will be lost (Marques 2007). Lastly, there is a check on the personal traits of a leader. This includes moral values of decency, integrity and hard work. Tests on the ability of a leader to solve the conflict between different groups of people in the organization is important and to handle the employees with sensitivity where necessary (Storey 2004). A leader is supposed to mentor his juniors towards achieving their potentials and to groom his protà ©gà © to take over when he leaves. The form has

Marketing Communication and Branding Essay Example for Free

Marketing Communication and Branding Essay Introduction After careful market research of some of the different phone markets in today’s industry; the market that was the most interest to the writer was the disability phone market. Of all the mobile phones researched, none were found to have Braille included; only speaking activated commands designed to send text messages as well as calling. The idea the writer proposes is a phone for the visually impaired which has a sole purpose for calling people. The keys will be fitted with Braille so that the individuals are able to effectively feel what number they are pressing. SOSTAC Situation Analysis Upon research it was found the size of the disability phone market is small in comparison to others, such as android where there are thousands of brands available. Around 360,000 people are registered blind or partially sighted in the UK (Action for Blind People, 2011), showing that, with the assumption that everyone needs a mobile phone in today’s society, the key segments that this brand will relate to are the 360,000 potential customers within the visual impairment mobile phone market. The key competing brands include Doro, an established competitor who supply a range of mobile phones for the disabled. They supply too many online retailers, ranging from handheld mobile phone to home landlines. Alternatively, Amplicom is another competitor who develops mobiles with large buttons, aimed at the visually impaired market. These competitors will be the toughest to compete with due to their experience and current market share; a large investment and money will be required to make sure that the proposed brand can gain a decent amount of market share. Porter’s five forces is an appropriate model which can be related to overcome such competition, due to its ability to â€Å"evaluate entry barriers, suppliers, customers, substitute products and industry rivalry† (Freitag, 2005). Furthermore Porter’s five forces can determine what the current market is for the brand, as well as the outlining any existing competitor’s positions in relation to the developing product. Moreover, it can also show how a firm’s stakeholders can influence the company with the use of bargaining power (Chee and Harris, 1998). This  information would be vital to obtain prior to the launch of the brand to reduce the chance of product failure. The macro-environmental factors will be implemented to the brand through PEST analysis; Political, Economical, Situational and Technological. Political factors which relate appropriately to the disability mobile phone market include the strict laws on the disposal of production materials such as batteries and any forms of radioactive waste, as well as any compulsory health and safety procedures during the production and contribution of the developing products. Breaking these rules could result in heavy penalties including fines and even the termination of the company in severe cases. Suitable economic factors include the assessment of the current poor financial climate. This leads to the assumption that it is currently not attractive to place investments as money is generally tight for most, reducing the overall customer base for the developing product. Example solutions for this could include enticing consumers with bargain phone prices or even reduced fixed monthly contract payments which will include a suitable amount of minutes for the target segment. Furthermore by offering all deals at lower end prices will suitably fit the market, as there can be a general assumption that those who are visually impaired may also fit well within the retirement market, a segment that generally has less money spare. Regarding social factors the main issue considered is ethics; relating to how products are developed and distributed, in addition to advertising techniques used to help promote the brand. Equal opportunities and fair working conditions should be issued to all employees involved in the development and promotion of the brand so that the product can represent diversity; relating appropriately to the disabled mobile phone market. Advertisements should be honest and not have any misleading content to confuse any consumers; and all information promoted will be fully implemented into the design of the mobile phone. Technological factors are by large the most relevant and important to consider within mobile phone industries. Due to the constant development of technology within the actual mobile phones, it is an competitive industry to be involved in. Nevertheless within the disability phone market the ‘look’ of the phone is a lesser important factor during purchasing; it is what the phone provides to the consumer to aid their special needs when contacting someone. Simple, up-to-date software is required so that all relevant  features are implemented, in addition to having an appropriately sized screen with higher contrast settings so that the visually impaired are able to read clearer. Large number buttons are essential so the Braille fits comfortably and the user is able to identify what number they want to press with ease. Objectives Here are three objectives that are going to be set for the new developing brand: * Increase awareness of the service in disabled people by 50% within 6 months * In three years time production costs should be reduced by 10% * In the next two years revenue should be approximately  £7 million These objectives act as sufficient targets and in turn will motivate staff and drive productively due to the time scaled that these objectives must be achieved. The chosen objectives all appropriately relate to the current disability phone market and the specific areas that could be improved, such as increasing the awareness of service for people with special needs. This could therefore encourage other companies to develop other suitable day-to-day products to suit their needs also, which could furthermore promote the idea of developing a whole new organisation specially aimed at designing products to aid people with special needs. Strategy The push/pull strategy involves creating demand from two aspects; push strategy involves the demand being created by the manufacturer’s distributers, and pull relates to the manufacturer creating demand via their own promotion techniques (Frazier and Summers, 2011). The brand will follow a pull strategy because it is envisioned that demand will be created through advertising and an effective, unique selling point. This is good because through a push strategy, it is sometimes required to distribute a higher volume of goods, which is better related to a mobile phone industry with a larger audience, unlike the niche, disabled market. Another benefit of this is that because the developing brand is unheard of an unproven; preventing stock piling of products if they are not sold, saving money. Although, a pull strategy will require a large investment for advertising, it is estimated that the cost of production and potential stock piling outweighs this in fiscal terms. Relating to the objectives, the pull strategy will aid  the accomplishment of said targets with the use of an advertising campaign, creating the demand that will create supply to the blind market. To engage the consumers, advertising campaigns will hosted at specific events which relate to the disability market, such as the Cambridge Disability Sport and Arts festival. By doing this it will allow the promotion of the developing product to be recognised and positively received by the disabled. This will allow potential consumers to try out the mobile phone and leave feedback regarding their thoughts and opinions. The Paralympics 2012 is taking place in London, an excellent occasion which can be related to individuals with special needs. It is a global event which promotes diversity of all sorts within the sponsoring organisations and sport activities; which can be related to the promotion of the brand’s developing product and encourage consumers to try it out to see if it can suit their needs. Combined, by implementing such advertising campaigns during the Paralympics and obtaining a respected and relatable celebrity sponsor can help achieve the completion of the increasing awareness objective. Additionally, after appropriate research, selling the phone at a competitive price will create demand; and furthermore help achieve the  £7 million revenue objective. To achieve the reduced in production costs objective, mass production will need to take place, which will effectively lower production costs, or even investing in a new technology to produce more units at a cheaper rate, over a period of time, may even reduce costs by 10%. Tactics Expanding further within the advertising campaigns aimed to help achieve the awareness and revenue objectives, this will include visual posters on noticeable areas of everyday life such as telephone boxes, buses, taxis and even billboards. To carry out ethical diversity promotions, the advertisements will also be located within care centres for the visually impaired, as well as any social and youth clubs to increase awareness. Radio adverts will also take place as it is fair to assume that a wide diversity range of people listen to the radio, allowing the promotion of the  developing product to all audiences. Any user feedback from testing the developing product will be noted down and kept for future improvement, allowing management to raise questions on how to improve the brand and image it represents to consumers. By doing so will potentially improve the awareness of the disability market as well as increasing the possibility of generating revenue due to the improvement of the product to suit the special needs. Ade Adepitan, a wheelchair basketball sportsman and TV presenter can be a suitable celebrity endorsement to help promote the product as he is someone the key segment can truly relate to will help achieve awareness and furthermore create a positive brand reputation which will create demand; and therefore revenue and profits. Issuing the mobile phone with a competitive price of  £60 is suitably competitive and will create demand; helping to achieve the  £7 million revenue objective if 116,666 units are sold within the 2 year time scale. Promoting this product in the UK only can help assess if the product is largely successful to its key segment, and after the 2 year objective is attained, further action can take place to help make the product go global. Lower production costs will occur if an appropriate manufacturer is found; who follows all ethical procedures the brand wants to promote, in addition to supplying the company with great production unit price rates so that the most possible revenue and profits can be generated. Furthermore, a ‘green policy’, known as a policy to help lead greener lives, can promote the brand to be extremely sufficient with its production, enticing customers and portraying the brand image to be ethical and fair. Nevertheless green policies are very expensive, which would mean that either a generous sponsor would have to be applied for, or even a loan would have to take place to implement such activities. Action Firstly, finance will have the overall responsibility of distributing budgets to all departments so that the entire production and launch of the new brand is successful. Once all budgets have been issued the marketing department will be able to effectively form a plan on when the launch will take place and what is proposed to take place during the entire duration. Within the marketing department a market research team will be organised so an investigation of production methods and price rates of manufacturers is performed, as well as making sure all ethical procedures the brand would like to follow are implemented. Relevant findings will be informed to the finance department to see if there are enough budgets to apply any new changes. All tasks taking place for the launch will be managed by a team leader – essential for the success of team member communication and task success. This will then be approved by a main, overall manager of the entire launch, so all task deadlines are met and workloads are of a high standard to boost the quality of the promotion. A time management tool named a Gantt chart will be implemented so all tasks are clearly shown, along with their time deadlines to help guide leaders and encourage team members to strive to complete a task to benefit the brand’s launch. This will be combined with a critical path analysis, where all shortest possible times in which tasks can be completed are shown to avoid delaying the entire launch. Example Critical Path Analysis, Source: http://tutor2u.net Example Gantt chart, Source: www.ganttchart.com/ Control Two things will effectively measure the growth of awareness and gather an accurate estimate. Firstly the sales records will be analysed. A growth in sales indicates the rise of awareness and any initial sales from year one indicate consumer’s knowledge of the product. A questionnaire will also be released to specific geographical locations and the results will give an indication as to how many people and how far spread the awareness of the branch has reached. An appropriate measure to identify whether or not the production costs have been reduced would be to look at energy bills to see if the change in production equipment or manufacturers has been an effective adjustment. To determine whether or not revenue will reach 7 million pounds can be monitored by customer loyalty and re-purchasing. A high customer re-purchase rate is a strong indicator that the brand is respected and trusted with their products and service. References Action for Blind People, (2011), Facts and figures about issues around sight loss, [online] available at: http://www.actionforblindpeople.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/facts-and-figures-about-issues-around-sight-loss/ [accessed 05/05/2012] Chee, H. and Harris, R., (1998), Global marketing strategy, London: Financial Times Pitman Publishing. Frazier, G. L. and Summer, J. O., (2011), Contemporary Views on Marketing Practice, [e-book] Marketing Classics Press. Available at: Google Books http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eqn23RV52hECpg=PA217dq=push+pull+strategy+definitionhl=ensa=Xei=IHeqT7y9DIqw0QWDgOXlAwved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=push%20pull%20strategy%20definitionf=false [accessed 24/04/2012] Freitag, N., (2005), Critical The Impact of Culture on International Marketing Plans and Review of the French Wine Industry, Munich: Grin Publishing, 1(1), p.15. GanttCharts, (2012), [image online] available at: http://www.ganttchart.com/gantt-chart-example.png [accessed 04/05/2012] Tutor2u, (2012), [image online] available at: http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRKft-Y9gw7P3sIBXtcdKf4ot5R7Jqo_Pn-cUzg_bXwuovgXq1can7WpViQ0Q [accessed 01/05/2012] Bibliography Doro, (2011), [online] available at: http://www.doro.co.uk/products/Specialneeds/ [accessed 25/04/2012] Matobmobile, (2010), [online] available at: http://matobmobile.co.uk/index.php?id=elderly_mobile_phones [accessed 25/04/2012] Scribd, (2012), Pest Analysis, [online] available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/58834389/Pest-Analysis-Nokia [accessed 21/04/2012]

How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essay

How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essay The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of home stay accommodation to Thai tourism. The first concern of this paper is to identify the definition of home stay, identify the group of customers who like to use home stay accommodation in Thailand and also discover the activities that prove to be attractive to them. The second concern of this paper is that the development and expansion of a home stay destination should lead to advantages such as an increase in local income and employment opportunities. On the other hand, when too many tourists come to an unspoilt area it can have an adverse effect on the balance of natural ecology. For example, two places, namely Pai in Mae Hong Son province, one of the most popular home stay destinations in the North which is over developed , and Chiang Khan in Loei province, a developing home stay destination in the northeast of Thailand. Some people said that Chiang Khan is Pai of the past. Within Pai itself, there is a movement to resi st against the excesses that has spoilt Pai and destroyed its peaceful rural character that had drawn people to it in the first place. Thailand is a developing country that attempts to grow and tourism is an industry that can significantly help stimulate economic growth. Consequently, when home stay tourism improves, it will expand the power of supply and help draw more tourists. Therefore, sustainable development is the better way to balance the development and maintain the original character. Logically, the more travel destinations developed, the more tourists will come and the more money the country will earn. Keywords: Home stay, Thailand, Sustainable development Introduction Tourism makes a major contribution to Thailands economy. Most tourists come to Thailand for various reasons mostly for the beaches and relaxation. The friendly, easy-going ways of the Thai people also proves a draw to most tourists, as well as the rich Thai culture, customs and history. The new marketing slogan which was adopted in mid 2009, Amazing Thailand, Amazing Value, and the governments stimulation package also seemed to have helped reverse the downward trend for the latter half of 2009 and for the present year. Moreover, nowadays, most people are concerned about the effect of global warming and are returning to nature; in another word Green has become a new catchword for tourists. Not only Green but also Sustainable are the popular words more and more tourists are fanning out into the countryside to be closer to nature. Consequently, rural tourism makes use of the countryside as a destination. It is a significant sector of overall tourism market in many countries. It will affect not only the environment but also the economy and social structure of the countryside. The number of activities that tourists participate in has grown. For example, agri-tourism (agricultural, festivals and other cultural events), green tourism (considered to be more environmentally friendly) and ecotourism (nature tourism). Home stay is a part of rural tourism. In addition, sustainable tourism development is synonymous with rural tourism. Nowadays, home stay tourism in Thailand has become very popular for both dome stic and foreign tourists. Part of the reason may be due to the effect of the world economic crisis, with most tourists worrying about their budget and travelling in this kind of home stay tourism costs less. So, the Thai Government rapidly develop Thai home stay to meet this new demand for economical packages. But it can be a two-edged sword with both positive and negative sides. Therefore, we must find the right balance. Definition of Home stay Home stay is a form of tourism that allows the visitor to rent a room from a local family to stay and better learn the local lifestyle and share their culture. It is comparable to the western concept of bed and breakfasts. A home stay property is a non-commercialized, private residence that accommodates paying guest(s) who enjoy staying in the comfort and security of a family home. In Thailand, the history of home stay began with students who were volunteers for rural development camps and who stayed with the local people during the course of their camp. Then, National Economic and Social plan 8th emphasized the development of communities and decentralization to local areas and home stay had its first formal recognition. The attraction of home stay is the way of life of the local people and natural attractions are not always considered an essential part. There are two types of home stay in Thailand which are the original and practical. In the original home stay concept, tourists stay with the host and live under the same conditions as the owner. In the practical home stay, conditions are improved for more physical comfort but the concept of an easy way of life and unique culture is not abandoned. However, the significance of home stay is participation in community life in which local people manage activities together. The activities vary from place to place and according to seasonal variations. They may include Thai culinary, Thai massage, farm life etc. Moreover, OTOP (One tambon one product) is a concept whereby local people are encouraged to make local products for sale to boost their income. The owners are encouraged to think that each visitor is a guest, not just a tourist (tourismthailand.org). They are a part of the family. Home stay is just another job for the home owner. When tourists come he will extend them his welcome but he still retains his main job such as fisherman or farmer. The advantages of home stay are the local knowledge that will be gained from the host, understanding the easy way of life and experience the natural kindness of the local people. Moreover, the local people receive more income but they do not abandon their main job. In addition, they share the experience with the tourists, get more friends and the community can become strong. In the age of globalization, many people live in a competitive world so many people now want to explore the easy life and a life of simple sufficiency as an alternative way of life. An additional benefit of home stay accommodation is that most of the money earned goes to the grassroot local people, rather into a large conglomerate? The local home owners get most of the money paid by the tourists. This has a more substantial benefit to a community, rather that if a large hotel chain was to open a large hotel and merely employ local people as hotel staff. Most of the earnings will then go to the hotel chain, with most of it likely sent out of the country. The owner and accommodation should meet the standard of home stay in Thailand. The Tourism Authority of Thailand has set 10 standards and 31 indicators. Demand for home stay in Thailand The majority of income in Thailand comes from agriculture and tourism. Income from tourism is significant for the Thai economy in terms of expanding and stability of the economy. Tourism in Thailand caters both to domestic and foreign travelers. Nowadays, Thailand in faced with negative situations which decreased the confidence of tourists from 2008 until now. TAT expects the number of international tourists will grow at around 7 to 10% to approximately 15.0 to 15.5 million in 2010 (Tourism Authority of Thailand.com). The Bank of Thailand stated that there are 1.6 million foreign tourists who traveled to Thailand in February 2010 which represented a drop from last year. Domestic tourists were not particularly affected by the political situation. It was more influenced by the economic slowdown and fluctuating oil prices in the first and second quarters of 2009. Local travelers have changed their travelling habits, are more conscious of travel expenses, and are tending to visit tourist destinations closer to home (Tourism Authority of Thailand.com). The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board predicted the economy would grow at 3 to 4% due to the global economic recovery and the governments Thai Khem Khaeng (Stronger Thailand) economic stimulus programme. New tourist attractions and activities that reflect the culture and style of a particular region will also be introduced. Therefore, the government supports and aims at the recovery of the Thai tourism market through marketing campaigns namely road shows to restore the image of Thailand and promotional advertisements under the Amazing Thailand, Amazing Value concept. Home stay is one of the better destinations which has proved attractive to both international and domestic tourists. It is a part of tourism in Thailand which continues to grow and earn income because it is set in rural areas far from the negative effects of political disturbances, is not expensive and brings visitors into close contact with nature. The tourists can relax among friendly local people. Therefore, the measurement and understanding of the demand and supply for tourism is important to overall tourism planning and management. We will know overall picture of the development, growth and value of tourism. All tourist behavior or activity results from motivation. Motivation is the context of the demand for tourism. Motivations have both push and pull factors together. The push factors are socio-psychological motives (person-specific factors). The pull factors are motives aroused by the destination (destination-specific factors). Tourists who go to home stay destinations usually have both push and pull factors. They want to relax, be close to nature and share knowledge, which are push factors. The pull factors are from the easy way of life of the people, unique culture and eco-friendliness. For example, a mini-farm is a magnet for tourists who travel with children. Mostly, domestic tourists usually go to home stay by car because some places are not far from urban centers such as Bangkok. It does not take too much time to immerse oneself in relaxation, fresh air and escape from the complicated city life. In contrast, international tourists mostly are backpackers usually stay a long time in home stays because of cheap prices but also because of the calmness, relaxed life style and the ability to e xplore new experience. Supply of the Home stay in Thailand On the supply side, the development of home stay is happening in Thailand. It is stimulated by the demand which comes from tourist needs. Some people want more comfort, some want plain, simple facilities, others demand higher standards. So, the local people work together toward the development of standards for home stay facilities in Thailand. Sometime, the popularity of a destination can lead to mass tourism. Mass tourism is a situation where a large number of tourists go to one place, sometime leading to an overload of local facilities. This can lead to further development of transport and other utilities until the easy way of life disappears. Moreover, it will adversely affect to the environment. Pai in Mae Hong Son province and Chiang Khan in Loei province are examples of popular home stay destinations in Thailand that have been developed to different degrees. One has already been spoilt and the other is resisting against a tendency toward over development. Pai is a small district in Mae Hong Son which was an ideal destination, being nestled in a small valley surrounded by mountains with cool weather. It was a romantic spot with friendly people can rich culture. Some people have referred to the village as called Uto-Pai, mimicking the name Utopia of Sir Thomas More. All this has made Pai very well known as hoards of tourists are drawn to it. Material development followed and soon the small village of Pai had its own air strip where tourists can arrive after a mere 25 minutes from Chiang Mai. Hotels and resorts also sprang up in its wake. All these development had a negative effect on the local inhabitant; while they used to be wont to retiring to bed early after a hard days work, they are now disturbed by loud music at entertainment places late at night. Music festivals became weekly events in the winter months. Some local people sold their land to capitalists and move to the foothills for the sake of peace and quiet. These changes reflect the fact that Pai is changing rapidly in both positive and negative ways. In addition, local children are falling to temptations from the western ways of tourists. Some local people said these development are more like deterioration. Not only Pai but Chiang Khan (a district on the bank of the Mekong river in Loei province), a relatively recent home stay destination, is facing similar problems. The conflict between local people and government is looming. The government wants to develop the town to cater to more and more tourists, but many local people want to see a steady growth of Chiang Khan. They want Chiang Khan to be strong, to retain its rural qualities and control itself. They do not want more bright lights in Chiang Khan, do not want to follow the modern trend because tourists come and go rapidly and do not stay a long time. Nowadays, some of the local people in Chiang Khan are already closing rank in a fight against rapidly over development. They have formed a tourism association within which they discussed the problems of westernization and over development which has plagued Pai. They have started a website where every one is welcomed to add comments. They are fighting against bright lights, loud music a nd weekend concerts that have combined to destroyed Pais rural character. They want tourism in Chiang Khan to be sustainable. They do not want Chiang Khan to have luxury boutique hotels, modern pubs or franchise coffee shop chains. They want Chiang Khan to retain its rural character with an easy way of life, home stays based on original houses without elaborate decoration, so when tourists come they will feel like they are the part of the family and coffee is still hand-brewed traditional coffee. Some people said that Chiang Khan is Pai of the past. Therefore, before Chiang Khan changes like Pai we must to help each other. Sustainable development of Home stay in Thailand Tourism, if developed locally, can help to ease the poverty problem, reduce income disparity and achieve a friendly environment as well as common prosperity. Tourism brings not only benefits but also costs and if not well managed may undermine its sustainability in the long run. In Thailand, tourism has a positive income generating effect but potentially worsening income distribution (Mingsan Kaosa-ard 2006). The best way to balance the development is through sustainable development in which every part must work together. Sustainable Development is development that satisfies the customer needs now but does not destroy tomorrows resources. The Pareto Optimum states that no one can be made better off by making someone worse off (businessdictionary.com). Customer demands lead to marketing research and material development. That is the marketing process. After that, planning and management are essential for achieving successful tourism development. Sustainable Tourism Development emphasizes the management of tourism industry must adapt itself according to the changing face of the world in term of sustainable pattern. There are three parameters of sustainability which are economic (well being), environment (ecological balance) and socio-cultural considerations (Sense of community and security). For example, the development should makes more money while at the same time have a minimum effect on the environment and social-cultural framework. The key to sustainable tourism development is to educate communities so that they understand the negative impacts of mass tourism and the limit to the ecosystems carrying capacity, and to develop diversified tourist products that can minimize the negative impact of mass tourism. For instance, in France they have standard and label for accommodation which confirm the standard and evaluate the standard and quality every five years. The label is one of marketing strategy which make good picture of the product. Moreover, they separate the demand equal in every areas and every part works together. Those are the good example for the development of home stay which Thailand should adapt for the development of home stay in Thailand. Amphawa floating market (Plai Pong Pag community) is a good example of home stay in Thailand which supports many tourists every year. It affects the quality of life of the local people, while the rapidly rising number of tourists has unavoidably led to a deterioration in the environment. Most of the home stay places have not attained the standard of home stay in Thailand even though this is the first community to launch the concept of home stay, but they have failed to meet the home stay standards. Because some home stay have transformed their homes so much that they became more like resorts and they do not match the qualifications of the home stay standard. Home stay will get the standard when they do not add more building and tourists must stay with the owner. According to that problem, National economic and social plan 9th stated that sustainable tourism in Thailand which wants to be a quality destination and ready in supply of tourism for support many tourists. We can transmit knowledge of France to Thailand; not in its entirety but we can adapt it. The government should have an effective and systemic plan such as setting policies or laws for the community and provide for penalties for culprits. It is hard for the government in Thailand to extend proper care to the home stay business in some communities because the local people worry about taxation and are not always forthcoming with information for the government. So, the government should establish an institute which can win the confidence of the local people and demonstrate the significance of the standard and effective management to the local people. The negative impacts on Pai and Chiang Khan happened because of civilization, but the impact on Amphawa was due to the ignorance of the local people. Therefore, the development is a two-edged sword that can have both advantages and disadvantages if we are ineffective. The best solution is the cooperation of everybody, beginning with community participation and the support of the government. The government decentralizes budgets to the community but continue to give technical advices to the local people. After that, policies such as the limit on the number of tourists will happen not only to care for the environment but for the sake of tourists who do not want to be in a place crowded with other tourists; they can relax and be closer to nature. Moreover, the local people can take care of all tourists like a part of the family. Do not forget that sustainable development is the better way of development and sustainable concern three things which are economy, environment and also socio-cu ltural parts. Conclusion In conclusion, tourism constitutes a major part of the Thai economy, encompassing both domestic and international tourists. Home stay is an alternative form of tourism which is based in the rural area that tourists stay and live with the local people. They can share the experience and culture. In Thailand, home stay began with the student volunteer for rural development camps and after National economic and social plan 8th home stay was developed until now. The motivations for travel home stay have both push and pull factors. The push factors usually are for relaxation. Mostly, domestic tourists go to home stay by car and relax for two or three days, but international tourists often stay much longer. The pull factors usually are the easy way of life, close contact with nature and fresh air. Material development is significant for home stay because it has both positive and negative sides. Material development can help attract tourists, although consideration must be given to suitable forms of development that should not destroy the original attraction of the place. It is a good marketing strategy to improve the quality of home stay accommodation. The home stay standards have been laid down in Thailand, but most of the home stays in Thailand still do not meet them, such as in Amphawa. Moreover, some places such as Pai is overloaded with tourists while Chiang Khan is still trying to resist this trend toward over-development. Pai and Chiang Khan demonstrate both advantages and disadvantages of material development. The solution for a balance is sustainability which centers on economic, environmental and socio-cultural considerations. France can be a good example for sustainable development. Thai home stay should adapt it and adopt it right now. The government should start by educating the local people and then carry out research on customer needs, marketing strategy, planning and management. In addition, strong policies are significant, with a need for penalties fo r those who break the rules. The importance is the cooperation of everybody in the country, because everybody is part of the progression of Thailand.

High Level Design (HLD)

High Level Design (HLD) High level design High level design (HLD) gives the complete system design of functional architecture and database design. For the developers it is very much important to understand how the flow of the system is. In this phase the system design team testers team and the customers plays an important role. For this entry criteria are required the document that is SRS and the then exit criteria will be high level design, projects standards, functional design documents, and the database design documents. Problem specification Data has to be processed in a effective and efficient way. Time consumption should be less. Easy to implement. Data Definition/ Dictionary Data dictionary is a repository that contains all the description of all data produced by the application. It is an organization listing of all data elements that are pertinent to the system. Tables Tables For Colud Sever 1 FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY FName Varchar 30 primary Sk Int 10 Owner Varchar 30 CloudName Varchar 15 Table 5.1: Owner File [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY Vm Int 10 primary Owner Varchar 20 Memory Int 10 Thrushold Int 10 Status Varchar 30 AttackerIP Int 10 Attempts Int 10 Table 5.2: Virtual Memory1 [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY FileName Varchar 30 primary Owner Varchar 20 Sk Int 10 Table 5.3: CloudFile1 Table [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY Owner Varchar 30 primary FileName Varchar 20 Sk Int 10 Table 5.4: Receive File1 Table [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY RemoteUser Varchar 30 primary Owner Varchar 20 Table 5.5: Remote File Table [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY Attacker Varchar 30 primary AttackerName Varchar 20 IP-Address Int 10 Table 5.6: Attacker1 Table [Table Design] Tables For Cloud Sever 2 FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY Vm Int 10 primary Owner Varchar 20 Memory Int 10 Thrushold Int 10 Status Varchar 30 AttackerIP Int 10 Attempts Int 10 Table 5.7: Virtual Memory2 Table [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY FileName Varchar 30 primary Owner Varchar 20 Sk Int 10 Table 5.8: Cloud File2 Table [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY Owner Varchar 30 primary FileName Varchar 20 Sk Int 10 Table 5.9: Receive File2 Table [Table Design] Remote File2 Table FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY RemoteUser Varchar 30 primary Owner Varchar 20 Table 5.10: Remote File2 Table [Table Design] FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE KEY Attacker Varchar 30 primary AttackerName Varchar 20 IP-Address Int 10 Table 5.11: Attacker2 Table [Table Design] Assumptions and dependencies The user should know the authentication details to prevent the unauthorized access of the system. The user must be aware of the government rules and regulations that are to be implemented on the terms. The user must be aware of the flow at which the process of system takes place. Low level design Low level design (LLD) is like detailing the High level design. It defines the real logic for each and the each every component of the system. Class diagrams with the methods and relation between the classes comes under the low level design. The main phase of the object oriented approach is as follows:- Object modeling Dynamic modeling Object modeling Object modeling technique describes a method for the analysis, design, and implementation of a system using an object-oriented technique. Object modeling technique consists of four phases, which can be performed iteratively are Analysis, system design, object design, implementation Dynamic modeling The dynamic model describes the functionalities involved in the project and the person performing those functionalities. Following are the different kind of dynamic diagrams namely; Use case, Sequence, Activity diagrams. Use case diagram Ause case diagramis the simple and it is a represented as the user’s interaction with the system and describes the specifications of ause case. A use case diagram can represent the different kinds of users of a system and the different ways that they will interact with the system. Such diagrams is typically used in conjunction with the textualuse caseas well as it will often be accompanied by other kinds of diagrams. It is the high level piece of functionality that the system provides. An actor is one who interacts with the system. This Use Case diagrams are included into two modeling languages defined by the Object Management Group (OMG). Both the UML and SysML standards define a graphical notation for modeling use cases with diagrams. One complain is that they will not define the format for depicting these use cases. Generally both the graphical notation and the descriptions are very important as they document the use case and it is showing the reason for which an actor uses a system. The use case diagram shows the place of use case with the other use cases. As organizing the mechanism a set of consistent and coherent use cases promotes important figure of system behavior and have a common understanding between the customer or owner or user and the development team. Sequence diagrams Asequence diagramis a kind ofinteraction diagramthat shows how processes is operated with one another and in what order the processes is operated. It is the construction of aMessage Sequence Chart. A sequence diagram shows how the object interaction is arranged in time sequence. It describes the objects and classes which is involved in the scenario as well as in the sequence of messages that has been exchanged between the objects and it is needed to carry out the functions of the scenario. Sequence diagrams are typically mixed with use case in the Logical View of the system in the development. Sequence diagrams are calledevent diagrams orevent scenarios andtiming diagrams. A sequence diagram shows the parallel vertical lines (lifelines), the different processes or objects that live parallel and the horizontal arrow. The messages exchanged between them in an order in which they have occurred. This allows the specification of simple runtime in a graphical manner. Sequence diagrams Create the account Account Acceptance res Upload the file File received confirmation Create the End User account Account confirmation Request the file File request confirmation File sending response VM’s details Threshold Details Account details Figure 5.2 : Sequence diagrams Activity diagram Activity diagrams is a graphical representations of flow of work of steps that have taken in the activities and actions with support for choice and interact and concurrency. In the UML activity diagrams are intends to for both the computational and also for the organizational processes (i.e. workflows).. Activity diagrams 1 Figure 5.3 : Activity diagrams 1 Activity diagrams 2 Figure 5.4 : Activity diagrams 2 Functional modeling Afunction modelorfunctional modelinsystems engineeringandsoftware engineering is a structured representation of thefunctions(activities,actions,processes,operations) within the modeledsystemor subject area. A function model, similar with theactivity modelorprocess model, is a graphical representation of anenterprises function within a defined scope. The main purposes of the function model is to describe the functions and processes, and help with discovery of information needs and also help to identify opportunities, and establish a basis for determine the product and the actual service costs. Data flow diagram Adata flow diagram(DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data through aninformation system modeling its process. The step is used to create an overall view of the system which can be elaborated later. DFDs are also used for visualizationofdata processing(structured design). A DFD shows what type of information will be input to and what type of information will the output from the system, and from where the comes and from where it goes to, and where the data will be exactly stored in the system. It does not show information about the time of processes or gives the information about the processes will operate in parallel way or in a sequence way (which is shown on aflowchart). DFDs are the model of the proposed system. They should clearly show the requirements on which the new system should be built. Later during the design activity is taken as the basis for drawing the system’s structure charts. The Basic Notation used to create a DFD’s are as follows: 1. Dataflow: Data move in a specific direction from an origin to a destination. 2. Process: People, procedures, or devices that use or produce (Transform) Data. The physical component is not identified. 3. Source: External sources or destination of data, which may be People, programs, organizations or other entities 4. Data Store: Here data are stored or referenced by a process in the System. ER Diagram An ER model is an abstract way of describing adatabase. In the case of arelational database, which stores data in tables, some of the data in these tables point to data in other tables. It is essential to have one of these if you want to create a good database design. The patterns help focus on how the database actual works with all of the interactions and data flows. Building Blocks of Entity Diagram are: Entities: An entity is a ‘’thing† that exists and can be uniquely identià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ed. Relations: A (binary) relationship type is an association between two entity types. Attributes: Attribute names (or simply attributes) are properties of entity types. The Main Advantages of Entity relation diagrams are: They are relatively simple They are user friendly They can provide a unique view of data, which is independent of any data models Module Description NICE Systems consists of following sub modules such as: Data Owner Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Virtual Machine for Cloud data storage Attack Analyzer Remote User Data Owner: Users who have the data and that have to be stored in the cloud and rely on the cloud for data computation, it consist of both the individual consumers and the organizations. Cloud Service Provider (CSP): A Cloud Service Provider (CSP) who has significant resources and who are expert in building and managing distributed cloud storage servers on different virtual machines, owns and operates live Cloud Computing systems. Virtual Machine for Cloud data storage Cloud data storage, a user will stores his data through a Cloud Service Provider (CSP) into a group of cloud servers, which are running in a simultaneous, the user interacts with the cloud servers via CSP to access or retrieve his data. In some cases, the user may need to perform block level operations on his data. Users should be equipped with security means so that they can make continuous correctness assurance of their stored data even without the existence of local copies. The cloud consists of different Virtual machines on which the owner data will be allocated and shared and the cloud will listen the different types of attackers called Stable. There does not exist any known vulnerability on the VM. Vulnerable. Presence of one or more vulnerabilities on a VM, which remains unexploited.

Essay --

1.1. Background and problem statement Food is an essential component in the life of human beings and thus a necessity for survival. Often food crises in developing world has seen millions of people starve to death despite tremendous wastages witnessed in developed countries. It is often accentuated that, this wastages are attributed to our attitudes and habits as consumers, especially with regards to eating habits and the way we dispose food waste (Morgan 2009).Such attitude and habits have been regarded to not only impact on the consumers way of life but also the economy and environment (Morgan 2009, von Braun 2007). For the last five decades increased economic growth in Singapore has seen tremendous increase in amount of disposable income coupled by declining food prices, thus leading to reduction in the proportion of income spend. Imperatively, with increased availability of food worldwide and variety choices offered, there has been increased lack of interest towards wasteful behavior and attitudes. This is more pronounced developed countries. In this countries the increase in plenty of food choices offered necessitated increased purchase of such foods (Stuart 2009). Such increased purchases have contributed to increased food wastages and over consumption. However the year 2008 saw a change in world perception towards food consumption. This was as a result of the food crises that saw the prices of food rise significantly in Singapore as well as globally. Thus the dwindling food resource and scarcity, has necessitated a rethink and drawn much attention on the problem that is food scarcity and wastages. Further, with increased concern for reduction of greenhouse gas emission contributing to global warming focus has been draw... ... basis for implementation of measures by the government, consumers and other stakeholders towards reducing wastages for sustainable development. 1.3. Research questions The study sought to answer the following question 1. Which are Singapore consumers’ perceptions regarding the food waste? 2. Which are Singapore consumers’ practices regarding food waste? 3. Which are the predictors of the food waste behavior of consumers in Singapore? I undertaking the research the study utilized the theory of Planned Behavior. This thesis is structured into five chapters. Chapter two will be the literature review on prior studies on food wastages and theoretical models. Chapter three will incorporate the methodology adopted for the study and empirical study findings. Chapter four will include the research findings. Chapter five will provide conclusion and recommendations. .

Surrogate Mothers Essay -- essays research papers

Surrogate Mothers The practice of bearing a child on behalf of another woman. This is surrogate motherhood. Is it considered immoral? By some, yes. In some countries it is banned—and in others it is promoted or up for consideration. In recent days, the issue of "right and wrong" has surfaced in the midst of this argument, sharing different meanings to the opposing sides. To some, it is right only for the woman who brings forth life to raise the child; for it is deemed that she is the only one fit to be the child's mother. Clearly, we must indeed recognize this side of the argument. But to those with that viewpoint, that is the end of the argument. They do not see any reason for the issue to be continued further; rather, to end the debate and declare anyone who disagrees to lack morals or values. But have those who preach this anti-surrogate moralism ever experienced what it would be like to be those on the other side of this issue? Suppose, for a moment, that they were the ones who were incapable of having children. Would they condemn themselves the way that they condemn others if they were in another predicament? It is surely easy to say what one would do in any situation, but one can never know exactly what they would do until that situation comes. How many of you have ever held a small child in your arms and looked into its small eyes and felt the love that you had for it. Perhaps it was a younger sibling, perhaps even a child of your own. You know how much th...